As sand volume and consistency in the bunkers has migrated to the forefront of topics of discussion, several important issues have to be addressed. The misconception that just adding additional sand of any type is not always the best solution. Both player input and science must be taken into account.
From the golfers perspective, the ball-lie is probably the most important aspect of the performance of the sand. Sand shape has an affect on ball lie, with angular sands providing better lie than round sands. A penetrometer test is used to evaluate ball-lie in the sand and will identify a certain sands propensity to promote what is commonly referred to as a “fried egg” lie. Color may be desirable from an aesthetic viewpoint, but is often dependent on local availability and can drastically increase the cost of the product without providing performance.
From a maintenance standpoint, it is important to factor in particle size analysis and infiltration rate. Bunker properties, such as, drainage rate, crusting, and set-up are negatively affected by very fine sand, silt, and clay. Specifications have been determined based on years of testing to provide guidelines for selection.
In addition to the sand selection, several other variables deserve consideration when evaluating bunker renovation. The cost of sand alone can range from $35/ton to $70/ton. Factoring in the current conditions of the bunkers- levels of contamination, internal drainage presence and level of operation, floor contours, and desired style can impact the outcome of the product.
Prior to major bunker renovations it is customary to create a "test bunker". This allows for real world testing and evaluation on a given property. The practice bunker at Arrowhead Country Club was selected for this reason. The photos below illustrate the in-house renovation process. We defined the new sand perimeter; removed the contaminated sand; excavated a drainage sump; re-countored the bunker floor to allow for consistent sand depth and provide adequate slope for drainage; lined the bunker floor with a geo-textile, permeable liner to prevent subsurface contamination but allow water to still perch through; secured the liner with staples on 6" centers where available to prevent lifting; installed the sand to a consistent depth of 6"; applied water and compacted.
Please feel free to leave your feedback on the performance of the selected sand. The hand tamping, additional moisture from the rains, and time will assist in the firming of the surface.
Before:
No comments:
Post a Comment